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The process essential for a plant's energy production is photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and utilizes carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

While respiration is a vital process that allows plants to use the glucose produced during photosynthesis for energy, it is not a process of energy production itself. Respiration involves breaking down glucose to release energy, but photosynthesis is the initial process that stores energy in glucose.

Transpiration refers to the movement of water through a plant and the evaporation of water from aerial parts, especially leaves. Although it plays a significant role in nutrient transport and maintaining plant turgor, it is not directly involved in energy production.

Fertilization is the process of combining male and female gametes to form seeds. Although important for plant reproduction and continuation of species, it does not contribute to the energy production that sustains a plant's growth and development.

Therefore, photosynthesis is the correct focus when discussing energy production in plants.